In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• of science and engineering. However, production of ultrathin PAAO membranes with precise thickness in the optical sub-wavelength range remains challenging because of difficulties regarding process control at the initial stage of anodic oxidation. In this study, we demonstrate a technique for

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• , repeatability, and exactness [41][42]. The formation of a humidity-induced water meniscus at the tip–sample interface, the presence of surface contamination, and thermal drifts induce significant instabilities in C-AFM measurements [42][43]. Moreover, local overheating and anodic oxidation phenomena are

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• the main connective tissue cells that secrete the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) for generating soft tissues that bind with the implants. Wang and co-workers reported that the super hydrophilic nanotubular structure of hydrogenated TiO2 prepared by anodic oxidation and thermal hydrogenation

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• quantification of extremely small amounts of protein. Experimental As-cast Mg ingots were sliced into rectangular coupons (15 × 15 × 4 mm3) for anodic oxidation treatment. Prior to the treatment, all specimens were ground using SiC paper up to 1200 grit, and then degreased with ethanol and deionized water in

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• templating, anisotropic chemical etching, localized anodic etching, and isotropic anodic oxidation [15][16]. However, this is a complex multistep technology. A more simple and cost-effective technology was applied for obtaining triangular GaAs nanowires through electrochemical etching of GaAs(100) surfaces

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• cycles of I–V measurements. Newly formed perturbations were observed with a height of over 1 µm and a FWHM of 2 µm (Figure 4B). The changes in the electrical behavior as well as the growth of the perturbations can be explained by the growth of an isolating oxide layer by anodic oxidation. This has also

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• anodic oxidation scanning probe lithography (oSPL) [117][118] a water meniscus is formed between the tip and the sample due to an applied voltage. Inside this water meniscus local oxidation of the sample takes place. The resolution is limited for dSPL by the tip size and tilting during the ploughing

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• of surface hydroxy groups induced by the fluorination of the TNTs. Experimental Preparation of TiO2-NT electrodes TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated by electrochemical anodic oxidation of Ti foils (99% purity, 0.127 mm, Alfa-Aesar) [93]. Briefly, the foils were pre-treated with sandpaper, #600, #1200 and

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• . Fabrication of pear-like titania nanotubes After degreasing in ethanol and DI water by sonication, the Ti sheets were polished by using metallographic abrasive papers (No. 400, 600 and 800) and further ultrasonically cleaned in the sequence of pure acetone, ethanol and distilled water. Anodic oxidation was

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• junction as another possible origin of modified transport characteristics. Especially in air, local anodic oxidation is well known to limit C-AFM capabilities and complicate the results interpretation in the case of silicon [16]. For this reason, UHV conditions have been investigated in order to increase

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• 60 °C. Other fibers used for the LPEI mediated silica coating process were anodic oxidized carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers and an activated carbon felt. The high-tenacity carbon fiber was supplied by SGL Carbon in the process state after anodic oxidation without further sizing (Sigrafil C30

Fast diffusion of silver in TiO₂ nanotube arrays

• Wanggang Zhang,
• Yiming Liu,
• Diaoyu Zhou,
• Hui Wang,
• Wei Liang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.105

• structures, including nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, mesoporous spheres, nanosheets, nanowires have been synthesized via anodic oxidation, template, and hydrothermal processing to increase the ratio of surface area to volume for the maximization of effective surface area [17]. Among the low-dimensional

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• Morten Slyngborg Yao-Chung Tsao Peter Fojan Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4A, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark 10.3762/bjnano.7.83 Abstract A variety of extrinsic chiral metamaterials were fabricated by a combination of self-ordering anodic oxidation of

• scarce amount of experimentally investigated ECMs. Our fabrication approach is based on a two-step thermal NIL process with subsequent glancing angle metal deposition. The master mold for the NIL was fabricated by anodic oxidation of an aluminum (Al) substrate, which has been demonstrated previously [39

• surface. Results and Discussion The ECM fabrication process is illustrated schematically in Figure 1. The original mold was fabricated by a self-ordering anodic oxidation of Al foils as described in a previous study [39]. In this process pores are produced in the Al surface with a honeycomb structure

Nanomechanical humidity detection through porous alumina cantilevers

• Olga Boytsova,
• Alexey Klimenko,
• Vasiliy Lebedev,
• Alexey Lukashin and
• Andrey Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1332–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.137

• humidity sensitivity equal about 56 Hz/pg and about 100 Hz/%, respectively. The approach presented here for the design of anodic alumina cantilever arrays by the combination of anodic oxidation and photolithography enables easy control over porosity, surface area, geometric and mechanical characteristics

• present work we concentrated on the elaboration of experimental methods for the fabrication of anodic alumina cantilever arrays and their testing for adsorption of water vapors. Results and Discussion The proposed procedure for the fabrication of cantilever arrays combines anodic oxidation of aluminium

• foil with a conventional photolithography process (Figure 1). Using the lithography approach for AAO pattern formation mostly becomes possible due to selective and anisotropic etching of anodic alumina films on aluminium in basic solutions. On the other hand anodic oxidation itself enables easy control

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• M NaOH, and piranha (H2SO4/H2O2)) except for those treated with a H2SO4/HCl solution. Microscale texturing similar to that reported here has been obtained by treatments such as machining [45][46], anodic oxidation [45][46] and chemical oxidation using piranha [12]. The increase in the surface

Boosting the local anodic oxidation of silicon through carbon nanofiber atomic force microscopy probes

• Gemma Rius,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Soichiro Matsui,
• Masaki Tanemura and
• Francesc Perez-Murano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 215–222, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.20

• nanofabrication methods based on scanning probe microscopy have been developed during the last decades. Local anodic oxidation (LAO) is one of such methods: Upon application of an electric field between tip and surface under ambient conditions, oxide patterning with nanometer-scale resolution can be performed

• of field-induced, chemical process efficiency. Keywords: carbon nanofiber; dynamic mode; local anodic oxidation; nanopatterning; Introduction Scanning probe lithography (SPL) is increasing its relevance among currently employed methods towards miniaturization and investigations at the nanometer

• logically concerned silicon, as it is the ubiquitous material of modern electronics [6][7]. The application of an electric field between a conductive tip and a silicon substrate under ambient conditions can generate the local anodic oxidation (LAO) of the silicon surface very precisely; intrinsic silicon

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• -poisoning the Pt/C cathode [121]. L-Ascorbic acid (AA, also known as vitamin C) has been proposed as a fuel for liquid-fed fuel cells because it is benign, renewable, inexpensive, and highly soluble in water (330 g/L) [123]. PGM catalysts are not necessary for the anodic oxidation of AA, e.g., a polyaniline

A visible-light-driven composite photocatalyst of TiO₂ nanotube arrays and graphene quantum dots

• Donald K. L. Chan,
• Po Ling Cheung and
• Jimmy C. Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 689–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.81

• light irradiation. Keywords: anodic oxidation; graphene quantum dots; photocatalyst; photodegradation; TiO2 nanotube arrays; Introduction Semiconductor-mediated photocatalysis is a promising technique for the conversion of solar energy as well as degradation of organic pollutants in air and water [1

• -dimensional nanostructures, TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) synthesized by anodic oxidation of titanium had attracted particular interests [6][7]. Comparing with bulk nanoparticles, smooth walls of nanotubes provide a lower surface state density hence lowering recombination probability. Random walk of charges is

• potential of GQD-based photocatalysts for visible-light-driven photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical applications. Experimental Synthesis of TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs): Highly ordered TNAs were fabricated by an anodic oxidation approach [43]. Ethylene glycol (99+%) containing 0.5 wt % NH4F and 2.0 wt

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

• coverage of the dye molecules on length scale that is not accessible by standard AFM measurements. Keywords: AFM lithography; amino-functionalization; local anodic oxidation; octadecyl-trichlorosilane; silicon oxide nanostructures; Introduction Local anodic oxidation (LAO) nanolithography is a reliable

• functional nanodevices. Depending on the structure type, a multitude of routes have been proven applicable in a substantial number of publications [2][5][6][7][8][9]. In general, the different binding mechanisms that can be used for the selective functionalization of local anodic oxidation patterns on

• considered, as this technique enables a controlled formation of highly ordered films under appropriate conditions [41][42][43]. Experimental The local anodic oxidation experiments were carried out on 1 × 1 cm2 pieces of weakly doped n-type silicon (resistivity: >3000 Ω·cm, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany

Pinch-off mechanism in double-lateral-gate junctionless transistors fabricated by scanning probe microscope based lithography

• Farhad Larki,
• Arash Dehzangi,
• Alam Abedini,
• Ahmad Makarimi Abdullah,
• Elias Saion,
• Sabar D. Hutagalung,
• Mohd N. Hamidon and
• Jumiah Hassan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 817–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.91

• microscope based lithography (SPL) via local anodic oxidation (LAO) was reported previously [7][8][9]. The experimental characteristics were also investigated and single-gate and double-gate structures were compared [10]. The principle of SPL on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) was described for the first time by

• channel and the source/drain extension in order to obtain a better understanding of the device performance through the pinch-off mechanism. Methodology The DGJLT structure was physically fabricated by using the local anodic oxidation (LAO) process and two wet-chemical-etching processes. Pre-oxidation